Smerch 9K58 MLRS Multiple Launch Rocket System, Russia

The BM-30 Smerch (tornado) is the most powerful multiple launch rocket system in the world. It was developed in the early 1980s and was accepted to service with the Soviet Army in 1987. The system is designed to defeat personnel, armored, and soft-skinned targets in concentration areas, artillery batteries, command posts and ammunition depots.  When first observed by the West in 1983, it received the code MRL 280mm M1983. It is expected to be superseded by the 9A52-4 Tornado. Currently Russian Army operates just over 100 of these artillery rocket systems.
It saw combat during both Russian wars in Chechnya. Other operators are Algeria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kuwait, Peru, Ukraine and the United Arab Emirates.Russian designation for the whole artillery system is the 9K58, while the launching vehicle is the 9A52. Currently Russian Army operates just over 100 of these artillery rocket systems. It saw combat during both Russian wars in Chechnya. Other operators are Algeria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kuwait, Peru, Ukraine and the United Arab Emirates.
The BM-30 Smerch has 12 tubes for 300-mm rockets. The standard rocket is 7.6 m long and weights 800 kg. This multiple launch rocket system has firing range of 20 - 70 km. Rockets are fitted with a range and direction correction system for better accuracy. A number of rockets are developed for this vehicle, including HE-FRAG, fuel-air explosive, incendiary, cluster with anti-personnel and anti-tank mines or self-guided anti-tank munitions. Launcher is capable of single or salvo firing. A full salvo of this rocket system covers are a of 67 hectares.The Smerch launch vehicle is prepared for firing within 3 minutes. It takes the same amount of time to leave firing position. Rockets are launched directly form the cab, or remotely form the vehicle. A full salvo takes 38 seconds.
The Smerch launching vehicle is based on the MAZ-543 8x8 heavy high mobility truck. Vehicle is powered by the D12A-525A 38.9-liter diesel engine, developing 525 horsepower. It is fitted with a central tyre inflation system.
Reloading of the BM-30 is assisted by the 9T234-2 reloading vehicle. It is based on a similar modified MAZ-543A chassis. The reloading vehicle is fitted with hydraulic crane and carries a full set of 12 reload rockets. Reloading takes 36 minutes. A Smerch unit is typically composed of six launchers and six reloading vehicles. Reloading usually takes place away from the firing position, to avoid counter-battery fire.
The fire control system of the Smerch, the Vivari, can function automatically or under manual control. The Vivari system is housed in a command vehicle and controls six launchers. it calculates ballistic and targeting data of each launcher.
Variants :
9A52-4 - Lighter, airmobile version on KamAZ-6350 truck with modular 6-round rocket pack. Demonstrated in 2007.
9A52-2T - Export version, based on the Tatra T816 10x10 truck.
PHL96 - License produced Chinese version, with China negotiated the production right from Russia in 2008 after purchasing the system separately from Ukraine, Russia and Belorussia in the mid 1990s. The Chinese system is based on a Wanshan (万山, meaning ten thousand mountains) WS-2400 8 x 8 cross country truck of Wanshan series trucks manufactured by Hubei Sanjiang Space Wanshan Special Vehicle Co. Ltd (湖北三江航天万山特种车辆有限公司)



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